A survey on fault tolerance in small and large scale wireless. Factors influencing wsn design wireless sensor networks. Modeling and analysis of fault detection and fault. In concept, the nvp scheme is similar to the nmodular redundancy scheme used to provide tolerance against hardware faults. Therefore, fault detection is the most important phase to.
New approaches for increasing fault tolerance to computer hardware and software errors by creating diversity have been presented 1. Faulttolerant clustering in ad hoc and sensor networks. The concept of fault tolerance enables the wireless sensor network to find. In this paper a fault tolerant wireless sensor network is defined to. In this chapter, we address fault tolerance in wireless sensor networks. Citeseerx fault tolerance in wireless sensor networks. Energyaware fault tolerant and realtime wireless sensor network for control system wenchen wang, phd candidate university of pittsburgh, 2017 wireless control systems enable several advantages over traditional wired industrial monitoring and control systems, including selforganization, exibility, rapid deployment, and lower maintenance. Fault tolerant distributed estimation in wireless sensor. Redundancy analysis and a distributed selforganization. Sensor nodes in wireless sensor and actor network, have some hardware and software restrictions. Our research on fault containment addresses the rst problem.
Exploiting selforganization and fault tolerance in wireless sensor. Fault tolerant embedding for internet of things abstract. Faulttolerant topology control for heterogeneous wireless. Sensor network, disaster management, ars, lifetime, fault tolerant, clustering introduction wireless sensor networks make easy monitoring and controlling of physical environments from remote locations. The wireless connections in space project addresses the aerospace flight domain for both flightcritical and noncritical avionics. Jirapure, pce nagpur abstract wireless sensor networks wsns have the potential of significantly enhancing our ability to monitor and interact with our physical environment. Adaptive fault tolerant qos control algorithms for. Design of fault tolerant wireless sensor networks satisfying survivability and lifetime requirements. With multi hop wireless communication, sensor nodes have made it possible to build reactive systems that have the ability to monitor and react to physical eventsphenomena.
Fault tolerance in zigbee wireless sensor networks richard alena, ray gilstrap, jarren baldwin, thom stone, pete wilson nasa ames research center moffett field, ca 94035 6506040262 richard. Fault tolerance in wireless sensor network using handoff and dynamic power adjustment approach. Multiagent system for fault tolerance in wireless sensor. The ohio state university 2004 dissertation committee. Fault tolerance in control systems slide 120 overview basic control hardware operating under fault conditions faults in autonomous systems this presentation is an overview of my personal experience in control systems and a survey of some papers slide 220. Faulttolerant data aggregation in wireless sensor networks. Finally, fault tolerance can be addressed also at the application level. Wsns provide the inherent fault tolerance required for aerospace. Wu, algorithms for fault tolerant topology in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, ieee transactions on. In general, fault tolerance is illustrated as device that detects and responds for the some sort of input from the specific environment without failure intervention. Fault tolerant design is a design that enables a system to continue operation, possibly at a reduced level, rather than failing completely, when some part of the system fails that is, the system as a whole is not stopped due to problems either in the hardware or the software. Scalable design of fault tolerance for wireless sensor networks dissertation presented in partial ful llment of the requirements for the degree doctor of philosophy in the graduate school of the ohio state university by murat demirbas, m.
Fault tolerance using cluster in wireless sensor network. Implementing an autonomic architecture for faulttolerance. There are many applications proposed, where sensor nodes are able to sense the physical environment to. Fault tolerance is the ability to ensure the functionality of the network in the events of. A survey on fault detection and fault tolerance in wireless. Fault tolerant software has the ability to satisfy requirements despite failures. Although traditional reliability models can be readily applied to ft systems, faults do not always result in failure. It minimizes computation, communication, storage, and bandwidth requirements at the sensor nodes at the expense. Fault tolerance is considered at four different levels of abstraction, starting from hardware and system software and going to the middleware and application layers. Recently, virtualization in wireless sensor networks wsns has witnessed significant attention due to the growing service domain for internet of things iot.
Design of target coverage algorithms for a large scale wsns should incorporate both the energy efficiency and fault tolerance. Due to which, fault may occur in sensor as well as in network. In addition to resource constraints, sensor networks are also failureprone. Wireless sensor networks are designed in such a way that transfer sensed data to base station, while a part of network is faulty. Modeling and analysis of fault detection and fault tolerance in wsns 3. Fivenumber summary method for fault tolerance in wireless. This study suggests a fault tolerant clusteringbased multipath. A survey on fault tolerance techniques in wireless sensor networks abstract. Introduction in recent times, the most active research field of networking is wsns. A survey of fault tolerance methods in wireless sensor networks.
Jun 29, 2010 the design of wireless sensor networks wsns requires ample knowledge of a wide variety of research fields including wireless communication, networking, digital signal processing, and software engineering. Pdf fault tolerance in zigbee wireless sensor networks. Magnetic cable guides keep remote display and sensor wiring neatly in place. The design of wireless sensor networks wsns requires ample knowledge of a wide variety of research fields including wireless communication, networking, digital signal processing, and software engineering. The deployment of sensor nodes is performed in an ad hoc fashion without careful planning and engineering in. This study suggests a faulttolerant clusteringbased multipath. For independent link failures, fault tolerance protocols in wsns have been presented in gobriel et al. Rus, deploying sensor networks with guaranteed capacity and fault tolerance, mobihoc 2005, urbanachampaign, il, 2005. A survey on fault tolerant routing techniques in wireless sensor.
A survey on fault detection and fault tolerance in wireless sensor networks r. Fault tolerance techniques for wireless ad hoc sensor. Keywords fault, fault detection, fault recovery, sensor node, wireless sensor network. Dec 22, 2015 in order to save the cost, it is required to place as few nodes as possible to repair the faulty network. Fault tolerant topology control for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. In this chapter, we introduce fault tolerance in wireless sensor networks. A study on fault tolerance methods in wireless sensor. Many applications from the industry and home sector could. Fault tolerance is the mechanism put in place for sensor nodes to keep working after a failure occurred. A survey of fault tolerance methods in wireless sensor. Energy efficiency and fault tolerance are two of the major concerns in wireless sensor networks wsns for the target coverage.
Building fault tolerance within wireless sensor networks. Read implementing an autonomic architecture for fault tolerance in a wireless sensor network testbed for atscale experimentation on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Energy efficient fault tolerant coverage in wireless sensor. A survey on fault tolerance in small and large scale. The performance of the ars scheme overcomes the drawbacks of the matrix based error approximation method proposed in earlier research. Fault tolerance is an important issue to be addressed in wsn application. Tech scholar, computer engineering and technology department, guru nanak dev university, punjab, india 2 asst prof, computer engineering and technology department, guru nanak dev university, punjab, india. Son, a fault tolerant topology control in wireless sensor networks, proceedings of the acsieee 2005 international conference on computer systems and applications, 2005 4 m. This paper describes an intrusion tolerant routing protocol for wireless sensor networks insens. A study on fault tolerance methods in wireless sensor networks.
Abstract in wireless sensor networks wsn s fault tolerance is one of the most important critical issues. On the other hand, as a wireless sensor network is easy to fail, the network after the restoration is required to be with fault tolerant function so that it can resist the attack and damage in the future. Fault tolerance can be achieved at various levels of applications in wsns. To handle faults gracefully, some computer systems have two or more. Daniel mosse, computer science, university of pittsburgh advisor dr. Pdf abstract fault tolerance is one of the critical issues in wireless sensor network wsn applications. Thus, thanks to distributed data acquisition, decentralized application software and intermeshed communication, wireless sensor networks open up completely new possibilities. Learn more about wireless sensor networks, fault tolerance matlab. The sink is an essential component in wsns, hence its failure leads to the failure of the whole network if no fault tolerance mechanism is implemented to overcome this failure. In this paper, we study the coverage problem where the main objective is to construct two disjoint cover sets in randomly deployed wsns based. Transient, malicious errors occur due to noise, voltage levels, and broken components. Abstractthe reliability of wireless sensor networks wsn is affected by faults that may occur due to various reasons such as malfunctioning hardware, software glitches, dislocation, or environmental hazards, e.
Firstly, we start with a short description of sensor networks, fault tolerance and its different techniques. Fault tolerance in wireless sensor network using handoff. Fault tolerance as a computer related research concept has been studied for almost half a century. One of the most important one is replication, which is wellsuited for sensor networks due to their inherent node redundancy. There are several ways how one can address fault tolerance at the system software level with respect to the computational subsystem. Introduction wireless sensor network consists of network of autonomous sensors, which are powered by batteries to perform various sensing, data processing and communicating tasks in a given environment. Radhakrishnan pg student, applied electronics, velammal engineering college, chennai, india. Fault tolerance is one of the critical issues in wireless sensor network wsn applications. Fault tolerance is the way in which an operating system os responds to a hardware or software failure. An autonomous selfaware and adaptive fault tolerant.
A zigbee network analyzer is used to view the packet traffic and measure the response to these induced faults at the network layer. The term essentially refers to a systems ability to allow for failures or malfunctions, and this ability may be provided by software, hardware or a combination of both. However, some research emphasises on the link fault without considering the fault. Fault tolerance is examined at each level of six individual. Proceedings of the mass 2007 ieee international conference on mobile adhoc and sensor systems, october 811, 2007, ieee, boca raton, isbn. A twotier zigbee network is tested in the lab and various failures induced in sensor and router nodes, simulating realistic fault conditions. The nvp is defined as the independent generation of functionally equivalent programs, called versions, from the same initial specification. This instability includes the harsh environment, node energy insufficiency, hardware and software breakdown, etc.
An energyefficient and faulttolerant topology control. We address the limitations of selfhealing routing shr and selfselective routing ssr techniques for routing sensor data. In the beginning, low reliability of individual components created impetus for designing reliable systems by exploiting fault tolerance and redundancy. This dissertation presents the design and validation of adaptive fault tolerant qos control algorithms with the objective to achieve the desired quality of service qos requirements and maximize the system lifetime in. Software of a sensor node consists of two components. In this case, an effective restoration scheme is needed to restore the faulty network timely. The actor performs the action according to the data. A fault tolerance mechanism for onroad sensor networks ncbi. This paper addresses this issue by surveying existing fault tolerance approaches in wsns. Problem sel fault indicator or sensor solution need to open, enter, and pump multiple underground vaults to find a fault radioranger wireless fault indication system with underground autoranger fault indicators. Modeling and analysis of fault detection and fault tolerance in. In the work by the authors of 9, a faulttolerant cbtc. In this paper, we develop adaptive fault tolerant quality of service qos control algorithms based on hopbyhop data delivery utilizing source and path redundancy, with the goal to satisfy application qos requirements while prolonging the lifetime of the sensor system.
After that, we discuss the three phases of fault tolerance fault models, fault. Wireless sensor networks wsn are inherently faultprone and the reliability of wsn is affected by faults that may occur due to various reasons such as malfunctioning hardware and software glitches, dislocation or environmental reasons. Mingxing jiang, zhongwen guo, feng hong, yutao ma, and hanjiang luo. Nvp is used for providing faulttolerance in software. As wireless sensor network wsn is often deployed in a hostile environment, nodes in the networks are prone to largescale failures, resulting in the network not working normally. Fault tolerance in data gathering wireless sensor networks. We will observe the analytical results of this paper based on the matlab software. Intrusiontolerant routing in wireless sensor networks.
Since a wireless sensor network should idea lly perform surveillance tasks in an unattended manner, it needs to operate as long as possible, even when many sensor nodes fail. However, unlike sensor nodes, the sink has no energy constraints. This motivates our work on fault tolerant selforganization. Energyaware routing for realtime and reliable wireless industrial sensor networks is introduced in heo et al. In data gathering wireless sensor networks, data loss often happens due to external faults such as random link faults and hazard node faults, since sensor nodes have constrained resources and are often deployed in inhospitable environments. Consequently, several factors exist that significantly influence the design of wsns. Fault tolerant topology control for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks mihaela cardei, shuhui yang, and jie wu department of computer science and engineering florida atlantic university boca raton, fl 33431, usa email. Pdf a survey on fault tolerance techniques in wireless sensor.
Figure 1 shows a general architectural diagram of the sensor network. Abstract accurate information is most important in wireless sensor networks wsns. Pdr, control overhead and fault recovery delay are analyzed. Basic fault tolerant software techniques geeksforgeeks. A faulttolerant topology control algorithm for wireless networks. A study on fault tolerance methods in wireless sensor networks anjusha.
Faulttolerant anomaly detection method in wireless sensor. Fault tolerance relies on power supply backups, as well as hardware or software that can detect failures and instantly switch to redundant components. A survey on fault tolerance techniques in wireless sensor. Therefore, fault detection is the most important phase to provide an optimal fault tolerance for wsns. The hardware and software faults may lead to the above mentioned problems and. Adaptation to fault tolerance is one of the basic issues in wsns.
Faults at network communication layer are the faults on wireless communication links. Fault tolerant data aggregation in wireless sensor networks k. We propose an autonomous selfaware and adaptive faulttolerant routing technique asaart for wireless sensor networks. Faulttolerant computer control of a time delay system. Modeling and analysis of fault detection and fault tolerance. Rami melhem, computer science, university of pittsburgh. Wireless sensor network scenario is about, when node goes down. A survey on fault tolerance in small and large scale wireless sensor networks. Mar 30, 2016 the reliability and availability of wsns can be affected by faults, including those from radio interference, battery exhaustion, hardware and software failures, communication link errors, malicious attacks, and so on.
Ieee transactions on software engineering 11, 12 december 1985. Then we discuss the different phases of fault tolerance fault models, fault detection and identification at five levels of. Introduction wireless sensor networks wsns also known as wireless. In this method, wireless sensor boards are deployed in selected locations along buses routes in city, and each bus is equipped by a wireless sensor board and gps. Implementation of new fault tolerance solution in wireless. Design and analysis of adaptive fault tolerant qos control algorithms for query processing in wireless sensor networks ngoc anh phan speer abstract wireless sensor networks wsns present several unique characteristics such as resourceconstrained sensors, random deployment, and datacentric communication protocols. Design and analysis of adaptive fault tolerant qos control.
Starting with the middleware level the emphasis is shifted toward data aggregation, data filtering and sensor fusion. Sep 11, 20 fault tolerance in wireless sensor network. Usually, wsns are used for monitoring or controlling an unattended or hazardous area, which needs a highly reliable faulttolerant system. Second, a fault tolerance method using wireless sensor networks wsns, in case of gps signal failure, e.
Introduction a wireless sensor network wsn is a collection of. Faulttolerant algorithms for connectivity restoration in. A practical wireless sensor network on the surface of the sea. Mobile agent, fault tolerance,wireless sensor networks,optimization,networks. A kfold dominating set of a graph g v,e is a subset s of v such that every node v. The problem of missing sensor node, communication link and data are inevitable in wireless sensor networks. Cost a fault tolerant system can be costly, as it requires the continuous operation and maintenance of additional, redundant components. Experimental robot position sensor fault tolerance using accelerometers and joint torque sensors hal a. Pdf faulttolerant techniques for wireless sensor networka. Energyaware faulttolerant and realtime wireless sensor.
The three fault types short faults, noise faults, and constant faults, that we focus on in this paper, cause the faulty sensor readings to deviate from the normal pattern exhibited by true or nonfaulty sensor readings, and are derived from a data centric view of sensor faults ni et al. Fivenumber summary method for fault tolerance in wireless sensor network ayasha siddiqua, prashant krishan, shikha swaroop post graduate department of information technology, dehradun institute of technology abstract wireless sensor network is a collection of sensor, which senses the data and perform the action, according to data. Fault tolerance has been discussed in detail in the literature on distributed systems see, e. Wireless sensor networks, sensor nodes, fault tolerance, quality of service qos 25t, fault detection, energy. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. Experimental robot position sensor fault tolerance using. The network, which is constructed by using as few nodes as possible, may not be fault tolerant, but the network. A survey on fault tolerance in wireless sensor networks. In order to make the presentation selfcontained, we start by providing a short summary of sensor networks and classical fault tolerance techniques. Generally a fault is any type of defect that may i. Thus, we propose a novel multiagent fault tolerant system for wireless sensor networks.
Software bugs are a common source of errors in wsns. Weightedmedian based distributed fault detection for wireless sensor networks. Using accelerometer, software analysis can be performing on the raw data to determine impacts and faulty node detection. On gps faulttolerance for citybus tracking system using. Aldridge i and jernan juang 2 nasa langley research center hampton, va 23681 abstract robot systems in critical applications, such as those in space and nuclear environments, must be able to operate. Wireless sensor networks wsn are prone to be affected by faults which may be caused due to a variety of reasons, namely hardware malfunction, software problems, inadequate energy resources, and.
As for a node, the faults can occur in hardware or software. Insens constructs forwarding tables at each node to facilitate communication between sensor nodes and a base station. The design of wireless sensor networks wsns is influenced by many factors, including fault tolerance. Software fault tolerance is the ability of computer software to continue its normal operation despite the presence of system or hardware faults. Most recent work aims to provide fault tolerance in the deterministic deployment of sensor nodes 9,17,21,24. Reliable routing algorithms for wcs have been explored in han et al. The objective of this work is to develop sensor failure tolerance by creating functional redundancy in computer control systems and to investigate the fault tolerant computer control of time delay systems. First of all, a fault is detected, and fault recovery techniques are carried out. A survey on fault detection and fault tolerance in. Fault tolerance in control systems purdue engineering. The difficulty of missing communication link, node and data are ineluctably foreordained in wsns and due to assorted factors such as power drain, environmental crash, radio interference. Energyaware fault tolerant and realtime wireless sensor network for control system thesis proposal wenchen wang computer science, university of pittsburgh committee.
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